This article details the history of Constantinople before the Fall of Constantinople. For details on the city since 1453, see Istanbul.
Map of Constantinople. Detailed map.
Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολη, Konstantinoúpoli, or Πόλη, Póli, Constantinoupolis) was the capital of the Roman Empire between 330 and 395, the Byzantine Empire between 395 and 1453, and the Ottoman Empire between 1453 and 1923. It was officially renamed to its modern Turkish name Istanbul in 1930[1][2][3] as part of Atatürk's Turkish national reforms. Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Constantinople was extremely important as the successor to ancient Rome and the largest and wealthiest city in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; it was known as the Queen of Cities (Vasileousa Polis).
The city had many names throughout history. Depending on the background of people, and their language and ethnicity, it often had several different names at any given time; among the most common were Byzantium, New Rome (Nova Roma), Constantinople and Stamboul were some (see etymology). IntroductionFurther information: Byzantium, Istanbul
The 1453 Siege of Constantinople (painted 1499)
The city was originally founded in the early days of Greek colonial expansion, when in 667 B.C. the legendary Byzas established it with a group of citizens from the town of Megara. This city was named Byzantium, (Greek: Βυζάντιον) after its founder. Constantine's later foundation of the new city on this site (and subsequent renaming in his honour) on May 11, 330 reflected its strategic and commercial importance from the earliest times, lying as it does astride both the land route from Europe to Asia as well as the seaway from the Black or Euxine Sea to the Mediterranean, whilst also possessing an excellent and spacious harbour in the Golden Horn.
After a history of over 1,100 years as an Empire, Constantinople and the remains of the Empire fell to the Ottoman Empire on Tuesday May 29, 1453, during the reign of Constantine XI Paleologus (see Fall of Constantinople). Although the Turks overthrew the Byzantines, Fatih Sultan Mehmed the Second (the Ottoman Sultan at the time) styled himself as the next Roman Emperor ("Kayser-i-Rum") and let the Orthodox Patriarchate continue to conduct their own affairs, having stated that they did not want to join the Vatican. However, this did not stop him from ordering the conversion of the city's central cathedral, Hagia Sophia, into a mosque, and having a Muslim scholar decree from its pulpit that "there is no god but God". Following the Turkish conquest all Christians not killed or sold into slavery were relegated to the status of dhimmis. HistoryThere are several distinct periods in the history of the city.
Constantine, 306-363
Emperor Constantine I watching over the city of Constantinople (emperator often depicted larger than life as a metaphor). Hagia Sophia, c. 1000)
Constantine had altogether more ambitious plans. Having restored the unity of the empire, now overseeing the progress of major governmental reforms and sponsoring the consolidation of the Christian church, Constantine was well aware that Rome had become an unsatisfactory capital for several reasons. Located in central Italy, Rome lay too far from the eastern imperial frontiers, and hence also from the legions and the Imperial courts. Moreover, Rome offered an undesirable playground for disaffected politicians; it also suffered regularly from flooding and from malaria.
It seemed impossible to many that the capital could be moved. Nevertheless, Constantine identified the site of Byzantium as the correct place: a city where an emperor could sit, readily defended, with easy access to the Danube or the Euphrates frontiers, his court supplied from the rich gardens and sophisticated workshops of Roman Asia, his treasuries filled by the wealthiest provinces of the empire.
Constantine laid out the expanded city, dividing it into 14 regions, and ornamenting it with great public works worthy of a great imperial city. Yet initially Constantinople did not have all the dignities of Rome, possessing a proconsul, rather than a prefect of the city. Furthermore, it had no praetors, tribunes or quaestors. Although Constantinople did have senators, they held the title clarus, not clarissimus, like those of Rome. Constantinople also lacked the panoply of other administrative offices regulating the food supply, police, statues, temples, sewers, aqueducts or other public works. The new program of building was carried out in great haste: columns, marbles, doors and tiles were taken wholesale from the temples of the empire and moved to the new city. Similarly, many of the greatest works of Greek and Roman art were soon to be seen in its squares and streets. The emperor stimulated private building by promising householders gifts of land from the imperial estates in Asiana and Pontica, and on 18 May 332 he announced that, as in Rome, free distributions of food would be made to citizens. At the time the amount is said to have been 80,000 rations a day, doled out from 117 distribution points around the city.
Medieval Constantinople
Constantinople was a Greek Orthodox Christian city, lying in the most Christianised part of the Empire. Justinian ordered the pagan temples of Byzantium to be deconstructed, and erected the splendid Church of the Holy Wisdom, Hagia Sophia, as the centrepiece of his Christian capital. He oversaw also the building of the Church of the Holy Apostles, and that of Hagia Irene.
Constantine laid out anew the square at the middle of old Byzantium, naming it the Augusteum. Hagia Sophia lay on the north side of the Augusteum. The new senate-house (or Curia) was housed in a basilica on the east side. On the south side of the great square was erected the Great Palace of the emperor with its imposing entrance, the Chalke, and its ceremonial suite known as the Palace of Daphne. Located immediately nearby was the vast Hippodrome for chariot-races, seating over 80,000 spectators, and the Baths of Zeuxippus (both originally built in the time of Septimius Severus). At the entrance at the western end of the Augusteum was the Milion, a vaulted monument from which distances were measured across the Eastern Empire.
From the Augusteum a great street, the Mese, led, lined with colonnades. As it descended the First Hill of the city and climbed the Second Hill, it passed on the left the Praetorium or law-court. Then it passed through the oval Forum of Constantine where there was a second senate-house, then on and through the Forum of Taurus and then the Forum of Bous, and finally up the Sixth Hill and through to the Golden Gate on the Propontis. The Mese would be seven Roman miles long to the Golden Gate of the Walls of Theodosius.
Constantine erected a high column in the middle of the Forum, on the Second Hill, with a statue of himself at the top, crowned with a halo of seven rays and looking towards the rising sun.
Divided empire, 363-527
Emperor Theodosius I
The first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople was Honoratus, who took office on 11 December 359 and held it until 361. Emperor Valens built the Palace of Hebdomon on the shore of the Propontis near the Golden Gate, probably for use when reviewing troops. All the emperors, up to Zeno and Basiliscus, who were elevated at Constantinople, were crowned and acclaimed at the Hebdomon. Theodosius I founded the church of John the Baptist to house the skull of the saint, put up a memorial pillar to himself in the Forum of Taurus, and turned the ruined temple of Aphrodite into a coach house for the Praetorian Prefect; Arcadius built a new forum named after himself on the Mese, near the walls of Constantine.
Gradually the importance of the city increased. Following the shock of the Battle of Adrianople in 376, when the emperor Valens with the flower of the Roman armies was destroyed by the Goths within a few days' march of the city, Constantinople looked to its defences, and Theodosius II built in 413-414 the 60-foot tall triple-wall fortifications which were never to be breached until the coming of gunpowder. Theodosius also founded a University at the Capitolium near the Forum of Taurus, on 27 February 425.
In the 5th century, the Huns, led by Attila, demanded tribute from Constantinople. The city refused to pay, and Attila was about to wage conquest upon the city when a message from Honoria, a sister of Valentinian III, was interpreted by Attila as a marriage proposal, so instead of laying siege to Constantinople, Attila redirected his raiders' assault on the Western Roman Empire, namely in Gaul, Orléans, and Rome.
Just a few years later, when the barbarians overran the Western Empire, its emperors retreated to Ravenna before it collapsed altogether. Thereafter, Constantinople became in truth the largest city of the Empire and of the world. Emperors were no longer peripatetic between various court capitals and palaces. They remained in their palace in the Great City, and sent generals to command their armies. The wealth of the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia flowed into Constantinople.
Justinian 527-565
Emperor Justinian I (527-565) was known for his successes in war, for his legal reforms and for his public works. It was from Constantinople that his expedition for the reconquest of Africa set sail on or about 21 June 533. Before their departure the ship of the commander, Belisarius, anchored in front of the Imperial palace, and the Patriarch offered prayers for the success of the enterprise.
Chariot-racing had been important in Rome for centuries. In Constantinople, the hippodrome became over time increasingly a place of political significance. It was where (as a shadow of the popular elections of old Rome) the people by acclamation showed their approval of a new emperor; and also where they openly criticized the government, or clamoured for the removal of unpopular ministers. In the time of Justinian, public order in Constantinople became a critical political issue. The entire late Roman and early Byzantine period was one where Christianity was resolving fundamental questions of identity, and the dispute between the orthodox and the monophysites became the cause of serious disorder, expressed through allegiance to the horse-racing parties of the Blues and the Greens, and in the form of a major rebellion in the capital of 532, known as the "Nika" riots (from the battle-cry of "Victory!" of those involved).
Fires started by the Nika rioters consumed the basilica of Hagia Sophia, the city's principal church. Justinian commissioned Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus to replace it with the incomparable Hagia Sophia, the great cathedral of the Orthodox Church, whose dome was said to be held aloft by God alone, and which was directly connected to the palace so that the imperial family could attend services without passing through the streets (St Sophia was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of the city, and is now a museum). The dedication took place on December 26 537 in the presence of the emperor, who exclaimed, "O Solomon, I have outdone thee!"[4]
Justinian also had Anthemius and Isidore demolish and replace the original Church of the Holy Apostles, built by Constantine, with a new church under the same dedication. This was designed in the form of an equally-armed cross with five domes, and ornamented with beautiful mosaics. This church was to remain the burial place of the emperors from Constantine himself until the eleventh century. When the city fell to the Turks in 1453, the church was demolished to make room for the tomb of Mehmet II the Conqueror.
Survival, 565-717
Restored section of the fortifications that protected Constantinople during the medieval period.Justinian was succeeded in turn by Justin II, Tiberius II and Maurice, able emperors who had to deal with a deteriorating military situation, especially on the eastern frontier. Maurice reorganized the remaining Byzantine possessions in the west into two Exarchates, the Ravenna and the Carthage. Maurice increased the Exarchates' self-defense capabilities and delegated them to civil authorities. Subsequently there was a period of near-anarchy, which was exploited by the enemies of the Empire.
In the early 7th century the Avars and later the Bulgars overwhelmed much of the Balkans, threatening Constantinople from the west. Simultaneously Persians from the East, the Sassanids invaded and conquered Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Armenia. Heraclius, the exarch of Africa, set sail for the city and assumed the purple. Heraclius accepted the Hellenization of Constantinople and the Eastern Empire by replacing Latin with Greek as its language of government. However, he found the military situation so dire that at first he contemplated moving the imperial capital to Carthage, but the people of Constantinople begged him to stay. He relented, and while Constantinople withstood a siege by 80,000 Avars and the Persian fleet, Heraclius launched a spectacular campaign into the heart of the Persian empire. The Persians were defeated outside Nineveh, and their capital at Ctesiphon was surrounded by the Byzantines. Persian resistance collapsed, and all the lost territories were recovered in 627.
However, the unexpected appearance of the newly-converted and united Muslim Arabs took the territories by surprise from an empire exhausted from fighting against Persia, and the southern provinces were overrun. Byzantine Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, and Africa were permanently incorporated into the Muslim Empire in the 7th century. Meanwhile, at much the same time Lombard invaders began an invasion of Italy which was in due course to lead to the peninsula being substantially lost once again to the Empire.
Constantinople was besieged twice by the Arabs, once in a long blockade between 674 and 678, and once again in 717. The second Arab siege was laid both by land and sea. The Arab ground forces, led by Maslama, were annihilated by the city's impregnable walls, the stout resistance of the defenders, freezing winter temperatures, chronic outbreaks of disease, starvation, and ferocious Bulgarian attacks on their camp. Meanwhile, their naval fleet was decimated by the Greek Fire of the Byzantine navy, and the remnants of it were subsequently utterly destroyed in a storm on the return home. The crushing victory of the Byzantines was a severe blow to Caliph Umar II, and the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate was severely stunted during his reign.
Recovery, 717-1025
Emperor Leo IV (886-912) adoring Jesus Christ. Mosaic in the Hagia Sophia.
For the Byzantines, the victory at Constantinople was an epic triumph. A long period of Byzantine retraction and stagnation came to an end, and the imperial frontier in the east became fixed on the Taurus - Anti-Taurus mountain range in eastern Asia Minor, where it would remain unchanged for the next two hundred years.
Asia Minor became the heartland of the empire, and from this time onwards the Byzantines began a recovery that resulted to the recovery of parts of Greece, Macedonia and Thrace by the year 814. By the early years of the eleventh century, the Bulgarian Khanate had been utterly destroyed and annexed to the empire, the Slavs and the Rus' had converted to Orthodoxy. In Italy, the emperor Basil I (867-886) reconquered the whole of the south, restoring Byzantine power to a position stronger than at any time since the seventh century.
In the east, the imperial armies began a major advance during the tenth and eleventh centuries, resulting in the recovery of Crete, Cyprus, Cilicia, Armenia, eastern Anatolia and northern Syria, and the reconquest of the holy city of Antioch.
The Iconoclast controversy, 730-787, 814-842
In the eighth and ninth centuries the iconoclast movement caused serious political unrest throughout the Empire. The emperor Leo III issued a decree in 726 against images, and ordered the destruction of a statue of Christ over one of the doors of the Chalke, an act which was fiercely resisted by the citizens. Constantine V convoked a church council in 754 which condemned the worship of images, after which many treasures were broken, burned, or painted over. Following the death of his son Leo IV in 780, the empress Irene restored the veneration of images through the agency of the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.
The iconoclast controversy returned in the early 9th century, only to be resolved once more in 843 during the regency of Empress Theodora (9th century), who restored the icons. These controversies contributed to the deterioration of relations with the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire.
Prelude to the Komnenian period 1025 - 1081
In the late eleventh century, catastrophe struck the Byzantine empire. With the imperial armies weakened by years of insufficient funding and civil warfare, Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes suffered a surprise defeat at the hands of Alp Arslan (sultan of the Seljuk Turks) at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Romanus was captured, and although the Sultan's peace terms were not excessive, the battle was catastrophic for the Byzantine Empire.
On his release, Romanus found that his enemies had conspired against him to place their own candidate on the throne in his absence. Romanus surrendered and suffered death by torture. The new ruler, Michael VII Ducas, refused to honour the treaty that had been signed by Romanus. In response, the Turks began to move into Anatolia in 1073, while the collapse of the old defensive system meant that they met no opposition. To make matters worse, chaos reigned as the empire's remaining resources were squandered in a series of disastrous civil wars. Thousands of Turkoman tribesmen crossed the unguarded frontier and moved into Anatolia. By 1080, an area of 30,000 square miles had been lost to the empire, and the Turks were within striking distance of Constantinople.
The Komnenoi 1081-1185
The Byzantine Empire under Manuel I, c. 1180.
Under the Komnenian dynasty (1081 - 1185), Byzantium staged a remarkable military, financial and territorial recovery. This is sometimes called the Komnenian restoration, and is closely linked to the establishment of the new military system of this period.
In response to a call for aid from Alexios I Komnenos, the First Crusade assembled at Constantinople in 1096 and set out for Jerusalem. Much of this is documented by the writer and historian Anna Komnene in her work The Alexiad. The Crusaders agreed to return any Byzantine territory they captured during their advance. In this way Alexios gained territory in the north and west of Asia Minor. During the twelfth century Byzantine armies continued to advance, reconquering much of the lost territory in Asia Minor. The recovered provinces included the fertile coastal regions, along with many of the most important cities. By 1180, the Empire had gone a long way to reversing the damage caused by the Battle of Manzikert. Under Manuel Komnenos, the emperor had attained the right to appoint the King of Hungary, and Antioch had become a vassal of the empire.
With the restoration of firm central government, the empire became fabulously wealthy. The population was rising (estimates for Constantinople in the twelfth century vary from approximately 100,000 to 500,000), and towns and cities across the empire flourished. Meanwhile, the volume of money in circulation dramatically increased. This was reflected in Constantinople by the construction of the Blachernae palace, the creation of brilliant new works of art, and the general prosperity of the city at this time. It is possible that an increase in trade, made possible by the growth of the Italian city-states, may have helped the growth of the economy at this time. Certainly, the Venetians and others were active traders in Constantinople, making a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt. The Venetians had factories on the north side of the Golden Horn, and large numbers of westerners were present in the city throughout the twelfth century.
Twelfth century mosaic from the upper gallery of the Hagia Sophia, Constantinople. Emperor John II (1118-1143) is shown on the left, with the Virgin Mary and infant Jesus in the centre, and John's wife Piroska of Hungary on the right.
In artistic terms, the twelfth century was a very productive period in Byzantium. There was a revival in the mosaic art, for example. Mosaics became more realistic and vivid, with an increased emphasis on depicting three-dimensional forms. There was an increased demand for art, with more people having access to the necessary wealth to commission and pay for such work. According to N.H.Baynes (Byzantium, An Introduction to East Roman Civilization):
"With its love of luxury and passion for colour, the art of this age delighted in the production of masterpieces that spread the fame of Byzantium throughout the whole of the Christian world. Beautiful silks from the work-shops of Constantinople also portrayed in dazzling colour animals - lions, elephants, eagles, and griffins - confronting each other, or represented Emperors gorgeously arrayed on horseback or engaged in the chase."
"From the tenth to the twelfth century Byzantium was the main source of inspiration for the West. By their style, arrangement, and iconography the mosaics of St. Mark's at Venice and of the cathedral at Torcello clearly reveal their Byzantine origin. Similarly those of the Palatine Chapel, the Martorana at Palermo, and the cathedral of Cefalu, together with the vast decoration of the cathedral at Monreale, demonstrate the influence of Byzantium on the Norman Court of Sicily in the twelfth century. Hispano-Moorish art was unquestionably derived from the Byzantine. Romanesque art owes much to the East, from which it borrowed not only its decorative forms but the plan of some of its buildings, as is proved, for instance, by the domed churches of south-western France. Princes of Kiev, Venetian doges, abbots of Monte Cassino, merchants of Amalfi, and the Norman kings of Sicily all looked to Byzantium for artists or works of art. Such was the influence of Byzantine art in the twelfth century, that Russia, Venice, southern Italy and Sicily all virtually became provincial centres dedicated to its production."
The Palaeologi, 1204-1453
The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople, by Eugène Delacroix, 1840.
However, after the demise of the Comnenian dynasty at the close of the twelfth century, the Byzantine Empire declined steeply. Disastrous misrule by the Angelid dynasty (1185-1204) resulted in the collapse of the empire and the disastrous capture and sack of Constantinople by soldiers of the Fourth Crusade on April 13 1204. For the subsequent half-century or more, Constantinople remained the focal point of the so-called Latin Empire. During this time, the Byzantine emperors made their capital at nearby Nicaea, which acted as the temporary capital and as a resort for refugees from the sacked Constantinople. From this base, Constantinople was eventually recaptured from its last Latin ruler, Baldwin II, by Byzantine forces under Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261. After the reconquest by the Palaeologi, the imperial palace of Blachernae in the north-west of the city became the main imperial residence, the old Great Palace upon the shores of the Bosporus going into decline. ImportanceThere are a number of dimensions to the historical significance of Constantinople.
Eagle and Snake, 6th century mosaic flooring Costantinople, Grand Imperial PalaceCulture
Constantinople was the largest and richest urban centre in the Eastern Mediterranean during the late Roman Empire, mostly due to its strategic position commanding the trade routes between the Aegean and the Black Sea. After the fourth century, when Emperor Constantine I relocated his eastern capital to Byzantium, it would remain the capital of the eastern, Greek speaking empire for over a thousand years. As the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (now commonly known as the Byzantine Empire), the Greeks called Constantinople simply "the City", while throughout Europe it was known as the "Queen of Cities." In its heyday, roughly corresponding to what are now known as the Middle Ages, it was the richest and largest European city, exerting a powerful cultural pull and dominating economic life in the Mediterranean. Visitors and merchants were especially struck by the beautiful monasteries and churches of the city, particularly Hagia Sophia, or the Church of Holy Wisdom. A Russian 14th-century traveller, Stephen of Novgorod, wrote, "As for St Sophia, the human mind can neither tell it nor make description of it". The cumulative influence of the city on the west, over the many centuries of its existence, is incalculable. In terms of technology, art and culture, as well as sheer size, Constantinople was without parallel anywhere in Europe for a thousand years.
Politics
The city provided a defence for the eastern provinces of the old Roman Empire against the barbarian invasions of the 5th century. The 60-foot tall walls built by Theodosius II (413-414) were essentially invincible to the barbarians who, coming from the Lower Danube, found easier targets to the west than the richer provinces to the east in Asia. Many scholars argue that this allowed the east to develop relatively unmolested, while Rome and the west collapsed. With the emergence of Christianity and the rise of Islam, Constantinople became the veritable gates to Christian Europe that stood at the fore of Islamic expansion. As the Byzantine Empire was situated in-between the Islamic world and the Christian west, so did Constantinople act as Europe’s first line-of-defense against Arab advances in the 7th and 8th centuries. The city, and the empire, would ultimately fall to the Ottomans by 1453, but its enduring legacy had provided Europe centuries of resurgence following the collapse of Rome.
Architecture
The influence of Byzantine architecture and art can be seen in the copies taken from it throughout Europe. Particular examples include St. Mark's in Venice, the basilicas of Ravenna, and many churches throughout the Slavic East. Also, alone in Europe until the 13th century Italian florin, the Empire continued to produce sound gold coinage, the solidus of Diocletian becoming the bezant prized throughout the Middle Ages. Its city walls (the Theodosian Walls) were much imitated (for example, see Caernarfon Castle) and its urban infrastructure was moreover a marvel throughout the Middle Ages, keeping alive the skill and technical expertise of the Roman Empire.
Religious
Constantine's foundation gave prestige to the Bishop of Constantinople, who eventually came to be known as the Ecumenical Patriarch, vying for honor with the Pope of Old Rome.[5] They were often regarded as "first among equals", a situation which contributed to the Great Schism that divided Christianity into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. The Patriarch of Constantinople is still today considered outstanding in the Orthodox Church, along with the Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Moscow and the later Slavic Patriarchs. This position is largely ceremonial but still today carries emotional weight.
Popular
Constantinople appears as a city of wondrous majesty, beauty, remoteness and nostalgia in William Butler Yeats' 1926 poem Sailing to Byzantium.
Robert Graves, author of "I, Claudius", also wrote a historical novel about Belisarius, much of which is set in Constantinople under Justinian I.
Constantinople's change of name was the theme for a song made famous by The Four Lads and later covered by They Might Be Giants and many others entitled Istanbul (Not Constantinople) http://www.lyricsdepot.com/they-might-be-giants/istanbul-not-constantinople.html. "Constantinople" was also the title of the opening track of The Residents' EP Duck Stab!, released in 1978.
Constantinople under Justinian is the scene of "A Flame in Byzantium" by Chelsea Quinn Yarbro released in 1987.
"Constantinople" is the title of a song by The Decemberists.
Stephen Lawhead's novel "Byzantium" (1996) is set in 9th Century Constantinople.
Filmmaker Peter Jackson said he wanted images of Minas Tirith in his The Lord of the Rings trilogy to look like "Constantinople in the morning."
"Constantinople 1453 (On the Eve of the Fall)" is a song by American heavy metal band Phoenix Reign.
Further readingRoger Crowley, Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453, Faber and Faber, 2005. ISBN 0-571-22185-8
John Freely and Ahmet S. Cakmak, The Byzantine Monumnets of Istanbul, Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-77257-5
Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades, Hambledon and London, 2003. ISBN 1-85285-501-0
Philip Mansel, Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453-1924, St. Martin's Griffin, 1998 ISBN 0-312-18708-4
John Julius Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, Knopf, 1989. ISBN 0-394-53778-5
John Julius Norwich, Byzantium: The Apogee, Knopf, 1992. ISBN 0-394-53779-3
John Julius Norwich, Byzantium: The Decline and Fall, Knopf 1995. ISBN 0-679-41650-1
Jonathan Phillips, The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, Pimlico, 2005. ISBN 1-84413-080-0
Steven Runciman, The Fall of Constantinople, 1453, Cambridge University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-521-39832-0
J B Bury, Later Roman Empire
Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
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Linux/Unix/BSD Experience: Develop for Linux x86/x64/IA64 (Itanium/IPF) platforms (RedHat, Debian, uClinux, etc), UNIX (Solaris, HP-UX, SunOS, DEC Tru64, UnixWare, USL, FreeBSD, AIX). Develop device drivers, applications, systems, admin tools, and boot scripts using C/C++, awk, sed, Perl, csh, sh, ksh, bash, etc.
Port Linux to ARM CPUs using GNU ARM toolchain and Realview Development Suite.
Embedded systems (firmware and hardware)development using Linux and uClinux, various commercial Unix platforms, pSOS, and ‘No OS’. Developed in-house embedded OS. Embedded CPU experience: 8051 variants (e.g. Silicon Labs C8051F060, Cypress FX2), ARM926EJ-S, Rabbit Semiconductor 2000-series and RCM2200 modules, XPORT, MicroBlaze, Nios II, PicoBlaze, Cypress CY7C68013 (FX2, PSoC), IA-32, x64, IPL (Itanium), 68000-series, etc. using Keil Tools, Z-World Dynamic C, analog to digital converters (ADCs) and digital to analog converters (DACs), etc. Hardware debugging tools (High-end Logic Analyzers, Oscilloscopes, etc).
Develop hardware using FPGAs (Xilinx and Altera) and other Programmable Logic Devices. SPI, I2C development experience using RTL and CPUs (physical and embedded)
Develop device drivers for Linux, System V, Solaris, SunOS, IRIX, AIX, SCSI, MS-DOS, and Concurrent DOS in Server, Enterprise, and Embedded Systems
Web development under Linux, UnixWare, and other platforms.
Education: Master of Science Electrical Engineering (MSEE), Computer Option
ATCA (Advanced Telephony Compute Architecture) Systems/Component Testing and Development
UNIX/Linux packaging (pkgadd, preinstall, postinstall, swinstall, installp, rpm, etc.) for programs, libraries, device drivers, etc. Veritas File System and Veritas Volume Manager administration, maintenance, troubleshooting and installation
Printed Circuit Board design and testing
Applications development for USB peripherals (host and embedded) using USB 2.0 High-Speed drivers.
PC and VME bus hardware development
ISO 9001 Process Quality Control
Microsoft VC++6, and C#.NET, VB development. MFC, ActiveX Controls, ASP, ASP.NET, etc. Development using VMWare and various guest OSes.
Firefighting Engineering. Emergency response to remote field support escalations for Unix installations around the world.
Develop database applications in C/C++
JAVA Programming
UNIX (USL and UnixWare) SVR4.2 kernel/library internals
UNIX to Tandem Non-Stop Porting; UNIX Communications (sockets) middleware translation layers
Hardware Tools, PCB Tools, Devices, Databases, Compilers, etc.
GNU C/C++ (native and cross-compile), GDB, GNU Emacs (for use with GDB), RealView Development Suite, UNIX System V Native C Compiler, Oracle, Sybase, Veritas File System and Veritas Volume Manager, HP Softbench, SunOS C compiler, nroff/troff/ditroff/groff, OASYS (Green Hills) 68000/10/20/30/881/851 C Cross Compiler, OASYS (Green Hills) 68K Cross Assembler, UniFLEX Native C Compiler and Assembler, Microsoft C, Microsoft Macro Assembler, Xilinx ISE Foundation/EDK/Platform Studio/ChipScope Pro, Altera Quartus II/Nios II/Megacores, Mentor Graphics ModelSim, Xilinx Spartan FPGA Family, Altera Stratix FPGA Family, Mentor Graphics Expedition PCB, Agilent 16700A/B Logic Analysis System and Digital Storage Oscilloscopes, Hewlett-Packard 1650B Logic Analyzer, Tektronix Storage Oscilloscopes, Synplicity Tools, CUPL Logic Compiler/Simulator, SPICE, AutoCad, Microsoft Office, PXEboot/bootp/DHCPd config, etc.
Computer Languages and Operating Systems
Linux (RedHat, Debian, Suse, etc), uClinux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, UNIX (Solaris, HP-UX, SCO OpenServer, SCO, Verilog, C++, C, Dynamic C, Keil Tools, Assembly, DEC Tru64 Unix, SunOS, AIX, ISC, IRIX), Windows XP/2000/2003, VMWare, VC++ 6 (MFC, ActiveX, etc), VB, C#.NET, JAVA, Macintosh, MS-DOS, OS-9, pSOS+/Unison, Concurrent DOS, UniFLEX, VAX VMS, Novell, NOS, ADA, Pascal, FORTRAN, Basic, many legacy OSes, too.
Microprocessor, Embedded Processor, and FPGA Expertise
x86, x64, IA-64 (Itanium/IPF), ARM926EJ-S, 8051 (and variants), Silicon Labs C8051F060, Xilinx Microblaze, Altera Nios II, Xilinx PicoBlaze, Xilinx Vertex II/Spartan2-3, Altera Stratix/Cyclone, Cypress PSoC, Maxim/Dallas DS80C400, XPORT, Rabbit RCM2200, SPI, I2C, SPARC, UltraSparc, IPL (Itanium), MIPS R3000, 68030/68000 family, 6809, 8085, 6502, Z-80, ATCA, VMEbus, PC-ATbus, SBus, VXI
Recent Client History / Recent Work Experience
Gyan Technologies, Fort Collins, Colorado – Firmware/Hardware/Software/Electrical Engineer
Convert embedded system from hard disk boot to CDROM as the boot device (no hard drive). Incorporated graphics, etc onto read-only filesystem and converted to read/write filesystem on the fly.
Design embedded systems with ARM926EJ-S MCU. Port Linux to all new ARM926EJ-S system that boots from flash, executes in place (XIP), and uses a small amount of RAM.
Gyan Technologies, Cheyenne, Wyoming – Firmware/Hardware/Software/Electrical Engineer
Develop embedded hardware and firmware for many various projects. Control CCD and laser devices using embedded SOC (System-On-Chip) controller using C and assembly using self-developed real-time system. Communicate with host computer and embedded devices in real time via serial ports (UARTS), SPI, analog to digital converters, digital to analog converters, etc. Use PID control techniques to control CCD Peltier Coolers, current draw, temperature, etc. Develop firmware for 8051 MCU to communicate with off-board ADCs and other devices via SPI. Debug in-house hardware. Utilize knowledge of Verilog and Xilinx CPLD family to develop real-time system. Inspect assembly output of C compiler for correctness to ensure proper operation and optimization of code. Work closely with other engineers to debug and develop the entire system. Extensively use logic analyzers and oscilloscopes to design and troubleshoot systems and components. Raman Spectrometer embedded firmware and hardware design.
Syndrome Corporation, Cheyenne, Wyoming – Senior Hardware/Firmware/Software Engineer. Design Manager
Develop FPGA configurations using Verilog for prototyping products targeting Xilinx and Altera FPGAs (Vertex, Spartan, and Stratix Families). Develop custom hardware for customers from PCB design to RTL code. Use Xilinx ISE development tools including Platform Studio and ChipScope Pro. Use Altera Quartus design software along with Nios II and Megacores.. Design with various microcontrollers (8051, PicoBlaze, MicroBlaze, Rabbit, ARM, Nios II, etc) in embedded designs (firmware, uClinux, and hardware). Worked with customers from concept to functional specifications to technical specifications to prototype assembly to final testing to production. Design various embedded hardware components with and without embedded processors. Develop applications using C#.NET and VC++ 6 to prototype and access company-developed controller hardware attached to Windows platform. Develop Windows platform software using the Microsoft VS6 and VS.NET environment. Develop host applications and embedded code for USB 2.0 High-Speed devices. Extensively use Logic analyzers and oscilloscopes to design and troubleshoot systems and components.
Hewlett-Packard, Fort Collins, Colorado – Advanced Telephony Compute Architecture (ATCA) Embedded Systems
Embedded systems programming and qualification on x86/x64/IA64 (Itanium/IPF), ARM CPU systems, and CPU blades. Develop C programs and Perl/Expect scripts for short- and long-term testing. Setup/Provide necessary internal Linux infrastructure internal and external to ATCA chassis for PXEbooting, DHCP, etc for development, debugging, and testing. Develop user interface to PXEboot various operating systems based on chassis slot and MAC address. Qualify/verify that vendors’ ATCA components (Shelf Managers, Switches, PEMs, Chassis, CPU blades, etc) conform to PCMIG specifications and interoperate with each other. Acquired detailed firmware and hardware knowledge of Kontron and Intel PMC and AMC (Wainwright,Thermopolis,Damascus) CPU blades, Znyx 7000 Switches, Pigeon Point ShMMs, Schroff Chassis, and other ATCA components. Found numerous defects in vendors’ ATCA components and reported same in HP’s internal ABE Defect Tracking System.
Shuffle Master, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado –Project Lead/Systems Engineer - Embedded Linux (December 2002 – December 2003), Embedded Hardware/Firmware/Applications Development (November 2003 – March 2005)
Managed team for release management of internal Linux embedded software tools. Develop automated build and verification systems for company's embedded hardware which use Linux (with real-time patches from FSMLabs). Design new embedded code implementations and test same. Develop Linux systems to simulate embedded hardware environment to facilitate rapid build verifications. Develop hardware solutions to facilitate rapid testing of actual hardware/Linux environment. Replaced equivalent of one-man-month of manual testing into an overnight automated testing session with this in-house tool.
The Wyoming Operation, Inc. (TWO Corp), Cheyenne, Wyoming - Senior System Analyst and Director of Network Operations. Chairman Of The Board. Principal. (1996 – 2006)
Key player in development and marketing efforts. Develop admin tools and cgi-bin scripts in Perl 5. Designed and implemented extensive Linux web-based automated user administrative and billing system for all Dial-up customers. Debug and fix Linux device drivers. Develop system monitoring tools in-house. Install and administrate Unix (Linux, OpenBSD, UnixWare, Solaris, HP-UX, SCO, FreeBSD, USL 4.2, etc) and Windows NT/2000 servers for Internet Service Provider (ISP) functions and at client sites. Compile, install, and administrate web servers (Apache and Microsoft Internet Information Server), ftp servers, email servers, and DNS servers for Unix and Windows NT/2000. Install, configure firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems in standalone machines and routers. Install and administrate T1 leased, Frame Relay, ATM, and Ethernet routers (Cisco IOS, Compatible Systems) and entire in-house network for the ISP. Coordinate with other ISPs and telco for T1 and 56KB leased and Frame Relay connections. Design and setup PPP server for dial-up service on UnixWare, Linux, and NT (POTS and channelized T1). Designed and implemented xDSL for public use (Bridging and PPP over ATM, etc). Research marketplace for software development and system monitoring tools. Install and admin email-to-fax gateways. Install and maintain SNMP tools. Design, develop, and implement in-house networks for ISP operations. Administer SCO OpenServer 5.x systems. Upgrade Sun SPARC machines and HP-UX machines to latest OS versions for clients. Consult for various clients on a regular basis regarding UNIX networking and admin issues (e.g. sendmail, WANs, NT/Win95/Win3.11 connectivity, web servers, security, dial-up access). Design, implement, and administer small-town community-service POPs and state-wide LANs. Co-hosted daily technology-oriented radio show on KGAB, Cheyenne.
AT&T Bell Labs / Lucent / Avaya Communication, Westminster, Colorado. Senior Systems Development Engineer / Senior Systems Analyst. (August 1995 - May 2001)
Develop code for Conversant Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. Port IVR system software from Unixware 2 and Unixware 7 to Solaris 2.x. Assist embedded software and hardware development teams in bringing products to market. Assist members of IVR product development teams in many aspects of Unix SVR4.2 and SVR5 functionality. Assist in discovering and fixing Unix kernel, driver, and library bugs Apply bug fixes and enhancements to voice/multimedia messaging system using in-house source control system. Assemble various software packages into packages and sets (for UNIX pkgadd facility) for field deployment. Technical point of contact for SCO/Caldera-Avaya partnership. Assist system testing teams to test new and bug-fixed software releases. Assist other departments with Unix product development and admin tasks. Assist other developers in embedded-systems development. Regular participant in ISO 9001 processes for product development processes.
Develop code for Multimedia Messaging system. Developed extensive web interface for administrative functions (e.g. install packages, find dependencies between packages, remove packages) of Messaging System Products using Perl cgi-bin. Assist members of Intutity/Audix (multimedia messaging) product development teams in many aspects of Unix SVR4.2 functionality. Assist in discovering and fixing Unix kernel, driver, and library bugs; also, apply enhancements to same. Project Lead for a Year 2000 (Y2K) projects. Develop Perl scripts for web-based administration tool for voice mail systems. Develop/install debugging tools. Develop backup/restore software for various products. Project lead for Disaster Recovery product (allows restoration of UNIX system via a boot floppy and a single tape). Port installation programs for use with CD-ROM. Apply bug fixes and enhancements to voice/multimedia messaging system using in-house source control system. Assembled various software packages into packages and sets (for SVR4.2 pkgadd facility) for field deployment. Develop transition plan for and migrate multimedia messaging product from USL 4.2 to UnixWare 1.1.2 / 2.1, Solaris 2.5, and Windows NT. First contact for "triage" team - emergency response to field support escalations for North America and the Pacific Rim. Assist system testing teams to test new and bug-fixed software releases. Install, administer, and troubleshoot issues involving the Veritas File System and Veritas Volume Manger. Assist other departments with Unix product development and admin tasks. Assist other developers in embedded-systems development. Regular participant in ISO 9000 processes for product development processes.
Senware, Broomfield, Colorado. - Senior Software Developer (March 2001 – December 2001)
Develop Perl code for Automatic Oracle Database Tuning Tool. Develop Unix packages for Perl scripts and SQL code. Developed packaging for HP-UX, Solaris, AIX, DEC Tru64, and Linux. Install Oracle Database software. Developed automated testing system for verifying product’s web interface.
Government of the State of Wyoming, Laramie County, City of Cheyenne, Cheyenne, Wyoming. - (Approved Vendor) – Linux/Unix Consultant (Ongoing)
Develop code, disaster recovery, data conversion, etc.
Other Clients / Work History
Chemagnetics / Otsuka Electronics, Fort Collins, Colorado. Product Engineer for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Analytical Spectrometers
CMX I to CMX II conversion hardware/software:
Design and develop device drivers (UNIX SysV and SunOS) to interface prior-generation hardware and software (MultiBus I based) to next-generation embedded hardware and software (VME). Researched, benchmarked, and implemented various vendors' products to find best bus-to-bus (Multibus I to VME) adapter. Incorporated same into new product. Benchmarked adapters down to the bus levels (e.g. /AS to /DTACK timings) to flush out performance bottlenecks. Designed and built hardware and software tools to verify proper operation of hardware and software. Worked with programming staff to develop software interface between device drivers to application code. Developed Multibus I/SCSI benchmarking platform to investigate possibilities of a SCSI interface (instead of a bus-to-bus interface. Setup SCSI hardware and developed SCSI software to benchmark data transfer rates. Was instrumental in getting first system running at the customer's site for the Asian market and for the main industry show, The ENC. Wrote specification, delivery, installation, and user documentation for project. Specified Kernel building technique for software department. Acted as "liaison" between the Software and Engineering groups.
CMX III:
Develop embedded and system software and define software architecture on VME 68030-based embedded processor (multi- port serial board using NRZ and SDLC/HDLC) using the pSOS+/Unison real-time multi-tasking embedded kernel. Develop system software architecture for CMX III devices from embedded processors to device driver-application interfaces. Wrote device drivers for this embedded OS. Design and develop device drivers (UNIX SysV for SGI and SunOS). Researched, benchmarked, and implemented various vendors' products to find best bus-to-bus (SBus to VME) adapter. Incorporated same into new product. Benchmarked adapters down to the bus levels (e.g. /AS to /DTACK timings) to flush out performance bottlenecks. Defined the component interface architecture between the software modules on the various CPUs. Configure hardware to interface data acquisition/pulse programming devices to the SPARCStation and Silicon Graphics Personal IRIS computers. Researched and selected Bus Adapters for product. Selected the VME bus as the company's platform. Assisted in development of very fast hardware pulse-programmer and 96002 based processor. Assisted company's legal counsel in securing patents and licenses. Designed (with others) functional specifications for device drivers, VME cardcage chassis, and VME boards. Wrote Installation and test procedures for Accessory and Interface Control Processing Unit. Investigated designing our own "Dials and Buttons Box". Acted as "liaison" between the Software and Engineering groups.
Other Roles:
Played master role in selecting the VME bus as the products' base. Worked closely with directors and other departments in specifying, researching, and implementing optical storage solutions, remote computing solutions (keyboard, monitor, disk, and tape unit extensions), etc. Assisted in development of very fast embedded hardware pulse-programmer and 96002 based processor. Assisted company's legal counsel in securing patents and licenses. Provided System Administration for various UNIX systems (SGI, Sun) to provide user accounts, installing new devices, providing NFS, etc. Evaluated various companies' products (color printers, film recorders, optical storage devices, etc.) for incorporation into Chemagnetics' own products. Investigated FutureBus+ and FDDI as possible architectural components of future products. Assisted in researching European requirements for products. Assisted in developing project schedules. Specified Ethernet/Appletalk bridge device and implemented same. Assisted in planning company-wide network. Assisted company System Administrator in configuring company UNIX networks.
Compu Systems Corporation, Laramie, Wyoming. Engineering Manager, Director of Engineering
Information Mobilizer:
Managed project, designed product specifications, hardware, and software for a communications loop (NCR 1255 Point of Sale System) embedded tapping device. Reverse engineered the NCR 1255 Point of Sale System (POS) system so that product specifications could be written, PLD equations and 25-ohm isolation interfaces could be designed, backend software could be designed, etc. Designed Manchester encoded differential-to- digital interfaces, digital PLLs, linked state machine pre-processor (Manchester to NRZ converters, digital signal multiplexers, signal verifiers, CRC checkers, bit strippers, etc.), microprocessor subsystem (68000 core with 64K local RAM, 64K ROM, 64K dual-port RAM, and, watchdog monitor), status monitors, control ports, PC-AT bus interface, and VME bus interface. Worked with client on developing specifications and schedules. Developed all embedded hardware and firmware for both versions (VME and PC-AT buses). Developed embedded 68000 code to further process incoming loop data (software CRC checking, bar code check digit verification, circular queues, semaphores, watchdog resetting, etc.). Wrote embedded code in assembly and C code. Extensively used various hardware and software tools (e.g. Logic analyzers, probes, oscilloscopes, debuggers) to design and debug components and systems. Designed multi-processor communication hardware/software interfaces and implemented same: 68020 to 68000 (UniFLEX), 68010 to 68000 (UniFLEX), and 80386 to 68000 (Concurrent DOS Device Driver) (note: Concurrent DOS is a multi-tasking, multi-user version of MS-DOS). Wrote Device drivers in 80386 and 68000 assembly code and C. Designed Device driver to application layer interface. Implemented same with assistance from staff programmers. Laid groundwork for database implementation (dB-Vista by Raima). Developed hardware connection scheme. Established vendor relationships and arranged for tool and product demos. Demonstrated product at client site and for various government officials (e.g. Governor of Wyoming). Worked very closely with company president in proposing, specifying, demonstrating, selling, and getting client to committing to product. This project also involved designing and setting up entire VME and PC-AT systems. Also involved system and applications programming under MS-DOS, Concurrent DOS, and UniFLEX operating systems in C and assembly. Wrote specification, delivery, installation, and user documentation for product.
Snoopy:
Developed embedded serial line tapping and monitoring device to monitor two-way RS-232 and RS-422 communications. Utilized standard DB-25 and DB-9 connectors and various RS-232 and RS-422 transceivers. Utilized standard computing equipment (IBM PCs) and software (Procomm and CrossTalk) to utilized the Snoopy tool. This tool was used in conjunction with the In-House POS development project.
Point of Sale System Development:
Assist Director of Software and Director of Production by debugging hardware and software problems. Assisted in development of display, keypad, and cash drawer devices.
Wireless Terminal:
Worked with outside consultant in developing an embedded wireless inventory control device. Device used an RF link to main POS system to allow store personnel to inventory products. Researched and specified display, keypad, power source, and case. Managed project to incorporate bar code wand into product.
Other and Support Roles:
Install and maintain UNIX on 80386 systems and UniFLEX on 680x0 systems. Install, use, and maintain other computer systems and subsystems. Managed development of microprocessor- controlled cable configuration checker. Report directly to the company president and consult with him on various managerial, technical, and other subjects. Wrote OS-9 software.
ADIA Information Systems, Denver, Colorado. Senior Analyst.
Microsoft Windows to UNIX porting project. Write shell, awk, and other scripts. Use porting tools such as WM_MOTIF, MainWin, Wind/U, and Mirage to port Windows 3.1/NT/Win32 programs to UNIX. Develop porting plan and schedules. Work closely with Windows 3.1/NT/Win32 programming staff. Modify print engine to utilize troff/ditroff/groff for printer output.
US West/AT&T-GIS/ADIA Information Systems, Denver, Colorado. Senior Analyst.
Sybase development and server porting from Macintosh to UNIX: Port servers from Macintosh environment to SVR4 UNIX. Implement/rewrite Macintosh toolbox calls into UNIX system calls and SQL using C++. Ported company-wide sales database system to Sybase/C++/SQL. Tune servers for performance by rewriting critical sections. Design/implement server architecture. Wrote shell scripts to automate field package installation.
Tandem Computers/ADIA Information Systems, Denver, Colorado. Senior Analyst.
Distributed Applications Services (DAS) port from UNIX: Port DAS modules to Tandem Architecture and supply missing POSIX calls. Port DAS modules to various UNIX platforms to provide a working model. Determine POSIX calls required. Determine requirements to port to Tandem Non-Stop Architecture. Wrote missing POSIX library calls on the Tandem Architecture (the Tandem Architecture does not support many POSIX calls required by DAS). Enable modules to communicate with each other (inter-machine) via TCP/IP. Primary responsibility area: SOCKETS. Wrote various tools using shell scripts, AWK, SED, and PERL.
Resource Solutions International / SHL Systemhouse / Interactive Systems / Kodak , Boulder, Colorado. Systems Engineer.
Automated Disk Library
Develop and test AIX SCSI device drivers for use with optical jukeboxes. Developed scripts to test and benchmark hardware and software. Developed ADL robot and drive code to test functionality and performance of ADL and SCSI AIX device driver. Benchmarked SCSI device driver to find optimum buffer size for the Kodak ADL unit. Developed test plan, code, and techniques with other team members. Wrote software to test SCSI device driver (e.g. pattern test, seek test, read test, write test, random seek). Configure SCSI equipment to work the RS/6000 and software. Wrote state machine diagrams for robot and disk drives using Hatley and Pirbhai notation. Load each modified kernel onto the target platform, network systems together as needed, perform UNIX Systems Administration functions. Wrote installation and testing documentation for the device driver. Created installation tapes for customer. Worked with customer via telephone in getting their devices to work with device driver.
Storage Retrieval/Archiving:
Researched vendors' drive and jukebox optical products. Queried vendors to find if their device driver software architecture met our requirements. Worked with other team members in developing document imaging software. Based our efforts on the TIFF 6.0 specification documents and XV 2.21.
SMIT testing:
Tested Sun version of AIX SMIT. Developed over 300 automated testing cases using an automatic testing engine for testing a Sun ported version of AIX SMIT for IBM using remote execution. Developed SMIT stanzas for SunOS platforms.
GFI Genfare:
Work with Chicago team in developing user interface. Developed Motif screens and menus. Determined usage of buttons, dialog boxes, scroll boxes, etc. for various screens. Determined under what conditions various dialogs should be used. Designed screens according to the OSF/Motif Style Guide. Develop code using JAM/Informix.
Advisory Committee on the Automation of the Department of Revenue of the State Of Wyoming.
Review proposals, hear oral presentations, and select consulting firms interested in assisting the State of Wyoming Department of Revenue's multi-million dollar automation effort. Review project development and approved further project funding.
Wyoming Highway Department, Cheyenne, Wyoming. Computer hardware and software systems and applications specialist.
Sign controller:
Installed and maintained computer systems and software for central computer and embedded controllers. Developed software for Interstate 80 variable message sign controller and weather data collection and processing center in Southeastern Wyoming. Assisted in development of specialized sign control hardware to control signs via modem from central control office. Developed software to keep track of 15-minute moving averages of various weather data such as wind speed and visibility and to display appropriate advisory messages to motorists. System allowed personnel to monitor weather, road conditions, and state of Variable Message Signs on Interstate 80. Developed protocol for main computer to sign control hardware communications over serial lines.
Range tracking:
Developed data collection equipment for Highway Department Vehicles. Developed hardware and software to allow DOT personnel to more accurately determine placement of no-passing zones on state highways. Project involved converting automobile drive shaft revolutions into electronic pulses that can be read by a program running on a laptop computer. Based on Federal Highway Administration rules, program determined where no-passing zones were to be placed based on sighting distance.
Other projects:
Instructed and aided personnel in the use of computer systems. Assisted in development and repair of electronic equipment. Developed database software to help keep track of road signs in Wyoming.
Education
M.S. Electrical Engineering, University of Wyoming.
B.S. Electrical and Computer Engineering (Chemical Engineering Minor – undeclared), University of Wyoming. Passed the E.I.T. (F.E.)
Other
President and Founding Member, Cheyenne Flying Club, since 2002
Wing Leader, Wyoming Wing, Angel Flight West, a National Charity
Board and Founding Member, Wyoming Pilots’ Association, a Non-Profit Org, since 2006
Favorite Past-times: Flying (Private Pilot Certificate 1999), flyfishing, cycling (mountain and road), baseball, basketball, hiking, acoustic guitar.
Timothy Y Hu
970-218-2208, 307-634-8390
P.O. Box 1437
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82003
E-mail: thu ‘at’ gyan.com
(replace ‘at’ with @)
If you call, please also leave your E-Mail address and also email me a short note
Summary of Qualifications (details follow)
Linux/Unix/BSD Experience: Develop for Linux x86/x64/IA64 (Itanium/IPF) platforms (RedHat, Debian, uClinux, etc), UNIX (Solaris, HP-UX, SunOS, DEC Tru64, UnixWare, USL, FreeBSD, AIX). Develop device drivers, applications, systems, admin tools, and boot scripts using C/C++, awk, sed, Perl, csh, sh, ksh, bash, etc.
Port Linux to ARM CPUs using GNU ARM toolchain and Realview Development Suite.
Embedded systems (firmware and hardware)development using Linux and uClinux, various commercial Unix platforms, pSOS, and ‘No OS’. Developed in-house embedded OS. Embedded CPU experience: 8051 variants (e.g. Silicon Labs C8051F060, Cypress FX2), ARM926EJ-S, Rabbit Semiconductor 2000-series and RCM2200 modules, XPORT, MicroBlaze, Nios II, PicoBlaze, Cypress CY7C68013 (FX2, PSoC), IA-32, x64, IPL (Itanium), 68000-series, etc. using Keil Tools, Z-World Dynamic C, analog to digital converters (ADCs) and digital to analog converters (DACs), etc. Hardware debugging tools (High-end Logic Analyzers, Oscilloscopes, etc).
Develop hardware using FPGAs (Xilinx and Altera) and other Programmable Logic Devices. SPI, I2C development experience using RTL and CPUs (physical and embedded)
Develop device drivers for Linux, System V, Solaris, SunOS, IRIX, AIX, SCSI, MS-DOS, and Concurrent DOS in Server, Enterprise, and Embedded Systems
Web development under Linux, UnixWare, and other platforms.
Education: Master of Science Electrical Engineering (MSEE), Computer Option
ATCA (Advanced Telephony Compute Architecture) Systems/Component Testing and Development
UNIX/Linux packaging (pkgadd, preinstall, postinstall, swinstall, installp, rpm, etc.) for programs, libraries, device drivers, etc. Veritas File System and Veritas Volume Manager administration, maintenance, troubleshooting and installation
Printed Circuit Board design and testing
Applications development for USB peripherals (host and embedded) using USB 2.0 High-Speed drivers.
PC and VME bus hardware development
ISO 9001 Process Quality Control
Microsoft VC++6, and C#.NET, VB development. MFC, ActiveX Controls, ASP, ASP.NET, etc. Development using VMWare and various guest OSes.
Firefighting Engineering. Emergency response to remote field support escalations for Unix installations around the world.
Develop database applications in C/C++
JAVA Programming
UNIX (USL and UnixWare) SVR4.2 kernel/library internals
UNIX to Tandem Non-Stop Porting; UNIX Communications (sockets) middleware translation layers
Hardware Tools, PCB Tools, Devices, Databases, Compilers, etc.
GNU C/C++ (native and cross-compile), GDB, GNU Emacs (for use with GDB), RealView Development Suite, UNIX System V Native C Compiler, Oracle, Sybase, Veritas File System and Veritas Volume Manager, HP Softbench, SunOS C compiler, nroff/troff/ditroff/groff, OASYS (Green Hills) 68000/10/20/30/881/851 C Cross Compiler, OASYS (Green Hills) 68K Cross Assembler, UniFLEX Native C Compiler and Assembler, Microsoft C, Microsoft Macro Assembler, Xilinx ISE Foundation/EDK/Platform Studio/ChipScope Pro, Altera Quartus II/Nios II/Megacores, Mentor Graphics ModelSim, Xilinx Spartan FPGA Family, Altera Stratix FPGA Family, Mentor Graphics Expedition PCB, Agilent 16700A/B Logic Analysis System and Digital Storage Oscilloscopes, Hewlett-Packard 1650B Logic Analyzer, Tektronix Storage Oscilloscopes, Synplicity Tools, CUPL Logic Compiler/Simulator, SPICE, AutoCad, Microsoft Office, PXEboot/bootp/DHCPd config, etc.
Computer Languages and Operating Systems
Linux (RedHat, Debian, Suse, etc), uClinux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, UNIX (Solaris, HP-UX, SCO OpenServer, SCO, Verilog, C++, C, Dynamic C, Keil Tools, Assembly, DEC Tru64 Unix, SunOS, AIX, ISC, IRIX), Windows XP/2000/2003, VMWare, VC++ 6 (MFC, ActiveX, etc), VB, C#.NET, JAVA, Macintosh, MS-DOS, OS-9, pSOS+/Unison, Concurrent DOS, UniFLEX, VAX VMS, Novell, NOS, ADA, Pascal, FORTRAN, Basic, many legacy OSes, too.
Microprocessor, Embedded Processor, and FPGA Expertise
x86, x64, IA-64 (Itanium/IPF), ARM926EJ-S, 8051 (and variants), Silicon Labs C8051F060, Xilinx Microblaze, Altera Nios II, Xilinx PicoBlaze, Xilinx Vertex II/Spartan2-3, Altera Stratix/Cyclone, Cypress PSoC, Maxim/Dallas DS80C400, XPORT, Rabbit RCM2200, SPI, I2C, SPARC, UltraSparc, IPL (Itanium), MIPS R3000, 68030/68000 family, 6809, 8085, 6502, Z-80, ATCA, VMEbus, PC-ATbus, SBus, VXI
Recent Client History / Recent Work Experience
Gyan Technologies, Fort Collins, Colorado – Firmware/Hardware/Software/Electrical Engineer
Convert embedded system from hard disk boot to CDROM as the boot device (no hard drive). Incorporated graphics, etc onto read-only filesystem and converted to read/write filesystem on the fly.
Design embedded systems with ARM926EJ-S MCU. Port Linux to all new ARM926EJ-S system that boots from flash, executes in place (XIP), and uses a small amount of RAM.
Gyan Technologies, Cheyenne, Wyoming – Firmware/Hardware/Software/Electrical Engineer
Develop embedded hardware and firmware for many various projects. Control CCD and laser devices using embedded SOC (System-On-Chip) controller using C and assembly using self-developed real-time system. Communicate with host computer and embedded devices in real time via serial ports (UARTS), SPI, analog to digital converters, digital to analog converters, etc. Use PID control techniques to control CCD Peltier Coolers, current draw, temperature, etc. Develop firmware for 8051 MCU to communicate with off-board ADCs and other devices via SPI. Debug in-house hardware. Utilize knowledge of Verilog and Xilinx CPLD family to develop real-time system. Inspect assembly output of C compiler for correctness to ensure proper operation and optimization of code. Work closely with other engineers to debug and develop the entire system. Extensively use logic analyzers and oscilloscopes to design and troubleshoot systems and components. Raman Spectrometer embedded firmware and hardware design.
Syndrome Corporation, Cheyenne, Wyoming – Senior Hardware/Firmware/Software Engineer. Design Manager
Develop FPGA configurations using Verilog for prototyping products targeting Xilinx and Altera FPGAs (Vertex, Spartan, and Stratix Families). Develop custom hardware for customers from PCB design to RTL code. Use Xilinx ISE development tools including Platform Studio and ChipScope Pro. Use Altera Quartus design software along with Nios II and Megacores.. Design with various microcontrollers (8051, PicoBlaze, MicroBlaze, Rabbit, ARM, Nios II, etc) in embedded designs (firmware, uClinux, and hardware). Worked with customers from concept to functional specifications to technical specifications to prototype assembly to final testing to production. Design various embedded hardware components with and without embedded processors. Develop applications using C#.NET and VC++ 6 to prototype and access company-developed controller hardware attached to Windows platform. Develop Windows platform software using the Microsoft VS6 and VS.NET environment. Develop host applications and embedded code for USB 2.0 High-Speed devices. Extensively use Logic analyzers and oscilloscopes to design and troubleshoot systems and components.
Hewlett-Packard, Fort Collins, Colorado – Advanced Telephony Compute Architecture (ATCA) Embedded Systems
Embedded systems programming and qualification on x86/x64/IA64 (Itanium/IPF), ARM CPU systems, and CPU blades. Develop C programs and Perl/Expect scripts for short- and long-term testing. Setup/Provide necessary internal Linux infrastructure internal and external to ATCA chassis for PXEbooting, DHCP, etc for development, debugging, and testing. Develop user interface to PXEboot various operating systems based on chassis slot and MAC address. Qualify/verify that vendors’ ATCA components (Shelf Managers, Switches, PEMs, Chassis, CPU blades, etc) conform to PCMIG specifications and interoperate with each other. Acquired detailed firmware and hardware knowledge of Kontron and Intel PMC and AMC (Wainwright,Thermopolis,Damascus) CPU blades, Znyx 7000 Switches, Pigeon Point ShMMs, Schroff Chassis, and other ATCA components. Found numerous defects in vendors’ ATCA components and reported same in HP’s internal ABE Defect Tracking System.
Shuffle Master, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado –Project Lead/Systems Engineer - Embedded Linux (December 2002 – December 2003), Embedded Hardware/Firmware/Applications Development (November 2003 – March 2005)
Managed team for release management of internal Linux embedded software tools. Develop automated build and verification systems for company's embedded hardware which use Linux (with real-time patches from FSMLabs). Design new embedded code implementations and test same. Develop Linux systems to simulate embedded hardware environment to facilitate rapid build verifications. Develop hardware solutions to facilitate rapid testing of actual hardware/Linux environment. Replaced equivalent of one-man-month of manual testing into an overnight automated testing session with this in-house tool.
The Wyoming Operation, Inc. (TWO Corp), Cheyenne, Wyoming - Senior System Analyst and Director of Network Operations. Chairman Of The Board. Principal. (1996 – 2006)
Key player in development and marketing efforts. Develop admin tools and cgi-bin scripts in Perl 5. Designed and implemented extensive Linux web-based automated user administrative and billing system for all Dial-up customers. Debug and fix Linux device drivers. Develop system monitoring tools in-house. Install and administrate Unix (Linux, OpenBSD, UnixWare, Solaris, HP-UX, SCO, FreeBSD, USL 4.2, etc) and Windows NT/2000 servers for Internet Service Provider (ISP) functions and at client sites. Compile, install, and administrate web servers (Apache and Microsoft Internet Information Server), ftp servers, email servers, and DNS servers for Unix and Windows NT/2000. Install, configure firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems in standalone machines and routers. Install and administrate T1 leased, Frame Relay, ATM, and Ethernet routers (Cisco IOS, Compatible Systems) and entire in-house network for the ISP. Coordinate with other ISPs and telco for T1 and 56KB leased and Frame Relay connections. Design and setup PPP server for dial-up service on UnixWare, Linux, and NT (POTS and channelized T1). Designed and implemented xDSL for public use (Bridging and PPP over ATM, etc). Research marketplace for software development and system monitoring tools. Install and admin email-to-fax gateways. Install and maintain SNMP tools. Design, develop, and implement in-house networks for ISP operations. Administer SCO OpenServer 5.x systems. Upgrade Sun SPARC machines and HP-UX machines to latest OS versions for clients. Consult for various clients on a regular basis regarding UNIX networking and admin issues (e.g. sendmail, WANs, NT/Win95/Win3.11 connectivity, web servers, security, dial-up access). Design, implement, and administer small-town community-service POPs and state-wide LANs. Co-hosted daily technology-oriented radio show on KGAB, Cheyenne.
AT&T Bell Labs / Lucent / Avaya Communication, Westminster, Colorado. Senior Systems Development Engineer / Senior Systems Analyst. (August 1995 - May 2001)
Develop code for Conversant Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. Port IVR system software from Unixware 2 and Unixware 7 to Solaris 2.x. Assist embedded software and hardware development teams in bringing products to market. Assist members of IVR product development teams in many aspects of Unix SVR4.2 and SVR5 functionality. Assist in discovering and fixing Unix kernel, driver, and library bugs Apply bug fixes and enhancements to voice/multimedia messaging system using in-house source control system. Assemble various software packages into packages and sets (for UNIX pkgadd facility) for field deployment. Technical point of contact for SCO/Caldera-Avaya partnership. Assist system testing teams to test new and bug-fixed software releases. Assist other departments with Unix product development and admin tasks. Assist other developers in embedded-systems development. Regular participant in ISO 9001 processes for product development processes.
Develop code for Multimedia Messaging system. Developed extensive web interface for administrative functions (e.g. install packages, find dependencies between packages, remove packages) of Messaging System Products using Perl cgi-bin. Assist members of Intutity/Audix (multimedia messaging) product development teams in many aspects of Unix SVR4.2 functionality. Assist in discovering and fixing Unix kernel, driver, and library bugs; also, apply enhancements to same. Project Lead for a Year 2000 (Y2K) projects. Develop Perl scripts for web-based administration tool for voice mail systems. Develop/install debugging tools. Develop backup/restore software for various products. Project lead for Disaster Recovery product (allows restoration of UNIX system via a boot floppy and a single tape). Port installation programs for use with CD-ROM. Apply bug fixes and enhancements to voice/multimedia messaging system using in-house source control system. Assembled various software packages into packages and sets (for SVR4.2 pkgadd facility) for field deployment. Develop transition plan for and migrate multimedia messaging product from USL 4.2 to UnixWare 1.1.2 / 2.1, Solaris 2.5, and Windows NT. First contact for "triage" team - emergency response to field support escalations for North America and the Pacific Rim. Assist system testing teams to test new and bug-fixed software releases. Install, administer, and troubleshoot issues involving the Veritas File System and Veritas Volume Manger. Assist other departments with Unix product development and admin tasks. Assist other developers in embedded-systems development. Regular participant in ISO 9000 processes for product development processes.
Senware, Broomfield, Colorado. - Senior Software Developer (March 2001 – December 2001)
Develop Perl code for Automatic Oracle Database Tuning Tool. Develop Unix packages for Perl scripts and SQL code. Developed packaging for HP-UX, Solaris, AIX, DEC Tru64, and Linux. Install Oracle Database software. Developed automated testing system for verifying product’s web interface.
Government of the State of Wyoming, Laramie County, City of Cheyenne, Cheyenne, Wyoming. - (Approved Vendor) – Linux/Unix Consultant (Ongoing)
Develop code, disaster recovery, data conversion, etc.
Other Clients / Work History
Chemagnetics / Otsuka Electronics, Fort Collins, Colorado. Product Engineer for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Analytical Spectrometers
CMX I to CMX II conversion hardware/software:
Design and develop device drivers (UNIX SysV and SunOS) to interface prior-generation hardware and software (MultiBus I based) to next-generation embedded hardware and software (VME). Researched, benchmarked, and implemented various vendors' products to find best bus-to-bus (Multibus I to VME) adapter. Incorporated same into new product. Benchmarked adapters down to the bus levels (e.g. /AS to /DTACK timings) to flush out performance bottlenecks. Designed and built hardware and software tools to verify proper operation of hardware and software. Worked with programming staff to develop software interface between device drivers to application code. Developed Multibus I/SCSI benchmarking platform to investigate possibilities of a SCSI interface (instead of a bus-to-bus interface. Setup SCSI hardware and developed SCSI software to benchmark data transfer rates. Was instrumental in getting first system running at the customer's site for the Asian market and for the main industry show, The ENC. Wrote specification, delivery, installation, and user documentation for project. Specified Kernel building technique for software department. Acted as "liaison" between the Software and Engineering groups.
CMX III:
Develop embedded and system software and define software architecture on VME 68030-based embedded processor (multi- port serial board using NRZ and SDLC/HDLC) using the pSOS+/Unison real-time multi-tasking embedded kernel. Develop system software architecture for CMX III devices from embedded processors to device driver-application interfaces. Wrote device drivers for this embedded OS. Design and develop device drivers (UNIX SysV for SGI and SunOS). Researched, benchmarked, and implemented various vendors' products to find best bus-to-bus (SBus to VME) adapter. Incorporated same into new product. Benchmarked adapters down to the bus levels (e.g. /AS to /DTACK timings) to flush out performance bottlenecks. Defined the component interface architecture between the software modules on the various CPUs. Configure hardware to interface data acquisition/pulse programming devices to the SPARCStation and Silicon Graphics Personal IRIS computers. Researched and selected Bus Adapters for product. Selected the VME bus as the company's platform. Assisted in development of very fast hardware pulse-programmer and 96002 based processor. Assisted company's legal counsel in securing patents and licenses. Designed (with others) functional specifications for device drivers, VME cardcage chassis, and VME boards. Wrote Installation and test procedures for Accessory and Interface Control Processing Unit. Investigated designing our own "Dials and Buttons Box". Acted as "liaison" between the Software and Engineering groups.
Other Roles:
Played master role in selecting the VME bus as the products' base. Worked closely with directors and other departments in specifying, researching, and implementing optical storage solutions, remote computing solutions (keyboard, monitor, disk, and tape unit extensions), etc. Assisted in development of very fast embedded hardware pulse-programmer and 96002 based processor. Assisted company's legal counsel in securing patents and licenses. Provided System Administration for various UNIX systems (SGI, Sun) to provide user accounts, installing new devices, providing NFS, etc. Evaluated various companies' products (color printers, film recorders, optical storage devices, etc.) for incorporation into Chemagnetics' own products. Investigated FutureBus+ and FDDI as possible architectural components of future products. Assisted in researching European requirements for products. Assisted in developing project schedules. Specified Ethernet/Appletalk bridge device and implemented same. Assisted in planning company-wide network. Assisted company System Administrator in configuring company UNIX networks.
Compu Systems Corporation, Laramie, Wyoming. Engineering Manager, Director of Engineering
Information Mobilizer:
Managed project, designed product specifications, hardware, and software for a communications loop (NCR 1255 Point of Sale System) embedded tapping device. Reverse engineered the NCR 1255 Point of Sale System (POS) system so that product specifications could be written, PLD equations and 25-ohm isolation interfaces could be designed, backend software could be designed, etc. Designed Manchester encoded differential-to- digital interfaces, digital PLLs, linked state machine pre-processor (Manchester to NRZ converters, digital signal multiplexers, signal verifiers, CRC checkers, bit strippers, etc.), microprocessor subsystem (68000 core with 64K local RAM, 64K ROM, 64K dual-port RAM, and, watchdog monitor), status monitors, control ports, PC-AT bus interface, and VME bus interface. Worked with client on developing specifications and schedules. Developed all embedded hardware and firmware for both versions (VME and PC-AT buses). Developed embedded 68000 code to further process incoming loop data (software CRC checking, bar code check digit verification, circular queues, semaphores, watchdog resetting, etc.). Wrote embedded code in assembly and C code. Extensively used various hardware and software tools (e.g. Logic analyzers, probes, oscilloscopes, debuggers) to design and debug components and systems. Designed multi-processor communication hardware/software interfaces and implemented same: 68020 to 68000 (UniFLEX), 68010 to 68000 (UniFLEX), and 80386 to 68000 (Concurrent DOS Device Driver) (note: Concurrent DOS is a multi-tasking, multi-user version of MS-DOS). Wrote Device drivers in 80386 and 68000 assembly code and C. Designed Device driver to application layer interface. Implemented same with assistance from staff programmers. Laid groundwork for database implementation (dB-Vista by Raima). Developed hardware connection scheme. Established vendor relationships and arranged for tool and product demos. Demonstrated product at client site and for various government officials (e.g. Governor of Wyoming). Worked very closely with company president in proposing, specifying, demonstrating, selling, and getting client to committing to product. This project also involved designing and setting up entire VME and PC-AT systems. Also involved system and applications programming under MS-DOS, Concurrent DOS, and UniFLEX operating systems in C and assembly. Wrote specification, delivery, installation, and user documentation for product.
Snoopy:
Developed embedded serial line tapping and monitoring device to monitor two-way RS-232 and RS-422 communications. Utilized standard DB-25 and DB-9 connectors and various RS-232 and RS-422 transceivers. Utilized standard computing equipment (IBM PCs) and software (Procomm and CrossTalk) to utilized the Snoopy tool. This tool was used in conjunction with the In-House POS development project.
Point of Sale System Development:
Assist Director of Software and Director of Production by debugging hardware and software problems. Assisted in development of display, keypad, and cash drawer devices.
Wireless Terminal:
Worked with outside consultant in developing an embedded wireless inventory control device. Device used an RF link to main POS system to allow store personnel to inventory products. Researched and specified display, keypad, power source, and case. Managed project to incorporate bar code wand into product.
Other and Support Roles:
Install and maintain UNIX on 80386 systems and UniFLEX on 680x0 systems. Install, use, and maintain other computer systems and subsystems. Managed development of microprocessor- controlled cable configuration checker. Report directly to the company president and consult with him on various managerial, technical, and other subjects. Wrote OS-9 software.
ADIA Information Systems, Denver, Colorado. Senior Analyst.
Microsoft Windows to UNIX porting project. Write shell, awk, and other scripts. Use porting tools such as WM_MOTIF, MainWin, Wind/U, and Mirage to port Windows 3.1/NT/Win32 programs to UNIX. Develop porting plan and schedules. Work closely with Windows 3.1/NT/Win32 programming staff. Modify print engine to utilize troff/ditroff/groff for printer output.
US West/AT&T-GIS/ADIA Information Systems, Denver, Colorado. Senior Analyst.
Sybase development and server porting from Macintosh to UNIX: Port servers from Macintosh environment to SVR4 UNIX. Implement/rewrite Macintosh toolbox calls into UNIX system calls and SQL using C++. Ported company-wide sales database system to Sybase/C++/SQL. Tune servers for performance by rewriting critical sections. Design/implement server architecture. Wrote shell scripts to automate field package installation.
Tandem Computers/ADIA Information Systems, Denver, Colorado. Senior Analyst.
Distributed Applications Services (DAS) port from UNIX: Port DAS modules to Tandem Architecture and supply missing POSIX calls. Port DAS modules to various UNIX platforms to provide a working model. Determine POSIX calls required. Determine requirements to port to Tandem Non-Stop Architecture. Wrote missing POSIX library calls on the Tandem Architecture (the Tandem Architecture does not support many POSIX calls required by DAS). Enable modules to communicate with each other (inter-machine) via TCP/IP. Primary responsibility area: SOCKETS. Wrote various tools using shell scripts, AWK, SED, and PERL.
Resource Solutions International / SHL Systemhouse / Interactive Systems / Kodak , Boulder, Colorado. Systems Engineer.
Automated Disk Library
Develop and test AIX SCSI device drivers for use with optical jukeboxes. Developed scripts to test and benchmark hardware and software. Developed ADL robot and drive code to test functionality and performance of ADL and SCSI AIX device driver. Benchmarked SCSI device driver to find optimum buffer size for the Kodak ADL unit. Developed test plan, code, and techniques with other team members. Wrote software to test SCSI device driver (e.g. pattern test, seek test, read test, write test, random seek). Configure SCSI equipment to work the RS/6000 and software. Wrote state machine diagrams for robot and disk drives using Hatley and Pirbhai notation. Load each modified kernel onto the target platform, network systems together as needed, perform UNIX Systems Administration functions. Wrote installation and testing documentation for the device driver. Created installation tapes for customer. Worked with customer via telephone in getting their devices to work with device driver.
Storage Retrieval/Archiving:
Researched vendors' drive and jukebox optical products. Queried vendors to find if their device driver software architecture met our requirements. Worked with other team members in developing document imaging software. Based our efforts on the TIFF 6.0 specification documents and XV 2.21.
SMIT testing:
Tested Sun version of AIX SMIT. Developed over 300 automated testing cases using an automatic testing engine for testing a Sun ported version of AIX SMIT for IBM using remote execution. Developed SMIT stanzas for SunOS platforms.
GFI Genfare:
Work with Chicago team in developing user interface. Developed Motif screens and menus. Determined usage of buttons, dialog boxes, scroll boxes, etc. for various screens. Determined under what conditions various dialogs should be used. Designed screens according to the OSF/Motif Style Guide. Develop code using JAM/Informix.
Advisory Committee on the Automation of the Department of Revenue of the State Of Wyoming.
Review proposals, hear oral presentations, and select consulting firms interested in assisting the State of Wyoming Department of Revenue's multi-million dollar automation effort. Review project development and approved further project funding.
Wyoming Highway Department, Cheyenne, Wyoming. Computer hardware and software systems and applications specialist.
Sign controller:
Installed and maintained computer systems and software for central computer and embedded controllers. Developed software for Interstate 80 variable message sign controller and weather data collection and processing center in Southeastern Wyoming. Assisted in development of specialized sign control hardware to control signs via modem from central control office. Developed software to keep track of 15-minute moving averages of various weather data such as wind speed and visibility and to display appropriate advisory messages to motorists. System allowed personnel to monitor weather, road conditions, and state of Variable Message Signs on Interstate 80. Developed protocol for main computer to sign control hardware communications over serial lines.
Range tracking:
Developed data collection equipment for Highway Department Vehicles. Developed hardware and software to allow DOT personnel to more accurately determine placement of no-passing zones on state highways. Project involved converting automobile drive shaft revolutions into electronic pulses that can be read by a program running on a laptop computer. Based on Federal Highway Administration rules, program determined where no-passing zones were to be placed based on sighting distance.
Other projects:
Instructed and aided personnel in the use of computer systems. Assisted in development and repair of electronic equipment. Developed database software to help keep track of road signs in Wyoming.
Education
M.S. Electrical Engineering, University of Wyoming.
B.S. Electrical and Computer Engineering (Chemical Engineering Minor – undeclared), University of Wyoming. Passed the E.I.T. (F.E.)
Other
President and Founding Member, Cheyenne Flying Club, since 2002
Wing Leader, Wyoming Wing, Angel Flight West, a National Charity
Board and Founding Member, Wyoming Pilots’ Association, a Non-Profit Org, since 2006
Favorite Past-times: Flying (Private Pilot Certificate 1999), flyfishing, cycling (mountain and road), baseball, basketball, hiking, acoustic guitar.
海戦に敗れてジェノバの獄に同室の囚人ピサの物語作者ルスチケロに旅行内容を口述
西欧におけるアジア研究と
西欧勢力のアジア進出と西欧世界との接触
•マルコ・ポーロ
•プラノ・カルピニ
•フランシスコ・ルブルクなど
マルコポーロ１２５４－１３２４
マルコポーロ「東方見聞録」青木富太郎訳、現代教養文庫６５６、昭和４４年
１２７０年代末：
中国の元朝を訪れた
帰路はイランを縦断
１２９５年
黒海経由ベネチアに帰還、２６年間の東方大旅行
帰国後、１２９８年，貿易上の競合関係にジェノバとの間の戦争に従軍
海戦に敗れてジェノバの獄に
同室の囚人ピサの物語作者ルスチケロに旅行内容を口述
《マルコ･ポーロ旅行記》(《東方見聞録》)の祖本
中世人の平面的東西世界を，北回りの陸路と南回りの海路で周回した最初の体験を記録に残した
西欧勢力のアジア進出
ヴァスコ・ダ・ガマ
•１４９８年、
•アフリカ大陸南端の喜望峰を廻り、始めて
南インド、カリクートに到着した
西欧勢力
アジア進出の動機
•香辛料の確保
•キリスト教の布教
南インド、マラバル海岸では紀元前６世紀からコショウの栽培が行われていた。
ナツメッグ（黒い種）
メース（赤い皮）
シナモン（肉桂）、
カンフォル（龍脳）、
サンダルウッド（白檀、栴檀）
クローブ（丁子、丁香）
かつてクローブ、ナツメッグ、メースはこの香料群島（モルッカ諸島）でしか採れなかった
アジア研究のはじまり
トメ・ピレスTome Pires１４６６頃－１５２４頃
マラッカ滞在中に見聞に基づいて《東方諸国記》を執筆した
これは16世紀初頭の東南アジアについての最も詳細な記述で，その資料的価値は高い
リンスホーテンJan Huyghen van Lischoten１５６３－１６１１
スタンフォード・ラッフルズ (Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles)
1781、カリブ海で出生
1805、ペナン植民地の
書記官補佐となる
1808、マラッカを訪れる
1810、マレー諸国に対する ミントー卿の代理人を務める
1811-16、ジャワで副総督を務める
1817、ベンクーレンの副総督となる
1819、シンガポールを建設。
1819-24、シンガポールの発展に寄与。
1826、イギリスで死去。
前近代の西欧世界
とアジア
•自分の権益があるところにしか関心をもたない
•商業貿易および植民地支配のための実用的知識が優先される
•オリエンタリズムの流行
１９世紀の「東南アジア」
さまざまな呼称
•「インド」：「アジア」とほぼ
同範囲
•ガンジス川の向こうのインド
•Further India
•インドシナ
•マレー群島
当時はまだ東南アジア全体を指す
名称は存在していなかった
１９世紀末の世界地図に載った東南アジア大陸部
西欧勢力のアジア進出と西欧世界との接触
•マルコ・ポーロ
•プラノ・カルピニ
•フランシスコ・ルブルクなど
マルコポーロ１２５４－１３２４
マルコポーロ「東方見聞録」青木富太郎訳、現代教養文庫６５６、昭和４４年
１２７０年代末：
中国の元朝を訪れた
帰路はイランを縦断
１２９５年
黒海経由ベネチアに帰還、２６年間の東方大旅行
帰国後、１２９８年，貿易上の競合関係にジェノバとの間の戦争に従軍
海戦に敗れてジェノバの獄に
同室の囚人ピサの物語作者ルスチケロに旅行内容を口述
《マルコ･ポーロ旅行記》(《東方見聞録》)の祖本
中世人の平面的東西世界を，北回りの陸路と南回りの海路で周回した最初の体験を記録に残した
西欧勢力のアジア進出
ヴァスコ・ダ・ガマ
•１４９８年、
•アフリカ大陸南端の喜望峰を廻り、始めて
南インド、カリクートに到着した
西欧勢力
アジア進出の動機
•香辛料の確保
•キリスト教の布教
南インド、マラバル海岸では紀元前６世紀からコショウの栽培が行われていた。
ナツメッグ（黒い種）
メース（赤い皮）
シナモン（肉桂）、
カンフォル（龍脳）、
サンダルウッド（白檀、栴檀）
クローブ（丁子、丁香）
かつてクローブ、ナツメッグ、メースはこの香料群島（モルッカ諸島）でしか採れなかった
アジア研究のはじまり
トメ・ピレスTome Pires１４６６頃－１５２４頃
マラッカ滞在中に見聞に基づいて《東方諸国記》を執筆した
これは16世紀初頭の東南アジアについての最も詳細な記述で，その資料的価値は高い
リンスホーテンJan Huyghen van Lischoten１５６３－１６１１
スタンフォード・ラッフルズ (Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles)
1781、カリブ海で出生
1805、ペナン植民地の
書記官補佐となる
1808、マラッカを訪れる
1810、マレー諸国に対する ミントー卿の代理人を務める
1811-16、ジャワで副総督を務める
1817、ベンクーレンの副総督となる
1819、シンガポールを建設。
1819-24、シンガポールの発展に寄与。
1826、イギリスで死去。
前近代の西欧世界
とアジア
•自分の権益があるところにしか関心をもたない
•商業貿易および植民地支配のための実用的知識が優先される
•オリエンタリズムの流行
１９世紀の「東南アジア」
さまざまな呼称
•「インド」：「アジア」とほぼ
同範囲
•ガンジス川の向こうのインド
•Further India
•インドシナ
•マレー群島
当時はまだ東南アジア全体を指す
名称は存在していなかった
１９世紀末の世界地図に載った東南アジア大陸部
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